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【摘要】 环境权可以视为第一代人权中的生命权、私人生活权、财产权，由此可以促使政府保护生命和财产免受环境侵害，但是会产生人类中心主义问题；作为第二代人权，能够赋予环境质量以同其他经济社会与文化权利相当的法律地位，使其优先于其他无权利依据的客体，但是这类人权很少进行司法；作为集体权利有环境保护的意义，例如保护少数族裔文化和土著居民。国际法上环境权作为实体权利还未建立起来，作为程序性权利体现在知情权，决策参与权，司法救济权中。通过人权保护环境的优点在于人权与环境权相比是一项确定的权利，人权法院裁判了一些有环保意义的案子；缺点在于与人无关的环境本身的损害得不到保护，无法进行公益诉讼。
【英文摘要】 Environmental right can be put into first generation human rights of right of life, of private life and property right, this can make government to protect life and property from environmental harm, but can leads to anthropocentralism problems. While taking environmental right as the second generation human rights, it can put environmental quality in the same position as other economic, social and cultural rights, and having priority than the other matters which are not taken as rights, but rights in this category is not subject to judicial review. As collective rights of the third generation, it has the significance of protecting environment such as protecting cultures of minorities and indigenous people. Environmental right as substantive right has not been established while as procedural right including access to information, participation in decision-making and access to justice it has been well-established. The advantage of protecting environment by way of protecting human rights is that human rights are recognized rights but environmental rights are not, courts and tribunals have given judgements to some cases of environmental significance. The disadvantage is that damages of environment per se not relating to people can nt be remedied, and public interests lawsuit can not been made by way of human rights litigation.
【关键词】环境权；人权；人权法院；程序性权利
【英文关键词】environmental rights, human rights, judicial review of human rights, procedural right
【写作年份】2009年
【正文】
环境问题与人权问题是当今世界的两个重大问题，环境法、人权法也是各国法以及国际法的重大法律问题和重要法律部门。从国际法的发展来看，国际环境法、人权的国际保护是近年来国际公法中成长、发展最快的两个法律部门。无论从各国的国内法来看，还是从国际法来看，环境法，人权法都是法学领域中名副其实的显学。
环境法与人权法，说环境权（是否存在这种权利，未有定论，另当别论）与人权问题，是当今环境法研究的重要主题。那么，其交汇点在哪里，我们今天为什么拿出这样一个题目来探索、研究？
1，概括地说，生命权、财产权。家庭生活权等基本人权只有在适宜的环境中才能实现，人的健康生存需要一定的环境质量作保障，在这个意义上，保护环境就是保障人权。如果环境被污染，生态被破坏，空气污浊，水不清洁、甚至根本无法饮用，人的生命和健康无法得到保障，人的生存权又怎能得到保障？
2，但是，在法律系统与法学理念、法学话语中，是否存在，是否需要创设一个叫做环境权的东西？并且（有些人）把它作为一种人权，来实现保护环境，保障人权的双重目标？